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Product last modified at: 2024-06-27T13:37:12.996Z
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PDP - Template Name: Antibody Sampler Kit
PDP - Template ID: *******4a3ef3a

Traumatic Brain Injury Biomarker Antibody Sampler Kit #55016

    Product Information

    Product Description

    The Traumatic Brain Injury Biomarker Antibody Sampler Kit provides an economical means of detecting proteins involved in traumatic brain injury. The kit includes enough antibodies to perform two western blot experiments with each primary antibody.

    Specificity / Sensitivity

    Each antibody in the Traumatic Brain Injury Biomarker Antibody Sampler Kit detects endogenous levels of its target protein. S100B (E7C3A) Rabbit mAb recognizes human S100B protein and is also reactive with mouse S100B; however, this antibody is not suggested for immunohistochemical analysis of mouse tissues. UCHL1 (D3T2E) XP® Rabbit mAb does not cross-react with other UCH family members. Enolase-2 (E7D7I) Rabbit mAb does not cross-react with human Enolase-1 protein.

    Source / Purification

    Monoclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding His86 of human S100B protein, Glu450 of human Neurofilament-L protein, Asp430 of human tau protein, Ala185 of human myelin basic protein, Gln53 of human PSD95 protein, residues near the carboxy terminus of human Enolase-2 protein and human UCHL1 protein, and recombinant protein specific to human GFAP protein.

    Background

    Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a worldwide health issue that significantly affects the patient as well as their family. Annual total cost of nonfatal TBI in 2016 was $40.6 billion in the United States (1). In addition to acute brain injury, even mild cases, can lead to cognitive impairment and long-term psychiatric changes. More long term, TBI patients exhibit lower resilience to neurodegenerative disease-associated pathology (2). Treatment of TBI is made more difficult due to lack of reliable biomarkers to detect TBI (3). Several proteins are of interest, which are candidates for measurement in blood after TBI. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an astrocytic intermediate filament protein. As a cytoskeletal protein, GFAP helps provide structural support to astrocytes, which provide metabolic support to neurons and maintains the blood brain barrier. The number and size of astrocytes, in a process called astrogliosis, is also positively correlated with brain injury (4). Also abundantly expressed in astrocytes, S100B is commonly used as an astrocytic marker and is positively correlated with TBI (5). Neurofilament-L (NfL) and tau are part of the neuronal cytoskeleton that provide structure to axons. Axons are covered by a multi-layered membrane called the myelin sheath. Myelin basic protein (MBP)  is enriched in myelin and helps maintain its structure. UCHL1 and Enolase-2 are ubiquitin hydrolases and glycolytic enzymes, respectively, that are enriched in neurons. PSD95 is an adaptor protein enriched at postsynaptic sites in neurons. After brain injury, neuron-enriched proteins, as well as proteins that maintain neuronal/axonal integrity, can be measured in the blood, reflecting neuronal damage (6). 
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    U.S. Patent No. 7,429,487, foreign equivalents, and child patents deriving therefrom.
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