P38A Antibodies

Target Information

a proline-directed ser/thr MAP kinase, and one of four p38 kinases that play important roles in cellular responses to inflammatory cytokines, DNA damage, oxidative stress, and some GPCRs, leading to direct activation of transcription factors and of other downstream kinases including MSK1, MSK2, eEF2K, MAPKAPK2 and -5 (MK2, -5), and PRAK. MSK1 and -2 play important roles in the rapid induction of immediate-early genes in response to stress or mitogenic stimuli. eEF2K is important for the elongation of mRNA during translation. MK2 & 5 control gene expression mostly at the post-transcriptional level. Ectodomain shedding of transmembrane proteins is regulated by p38 MAPKs as well. In response to inflammatory stimuli, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate the membrane-associated metalloprotease ADAM17, which then cleaves the ectodomain of TGF-alpha family ligands, a process leading to the activation of EGFR signaling and cell proliferation. In the nucleus, many transcription factors are phosphorylated and activated by p38 MAPKs in response to different stimuli. Examples include ATF1, ATF2, ATF6, ELK1, PTPRH, CHOPO, p53 and MEF2C and MEF2A. The p38 MAPKs are emerging as important modulators of gene expression by regulating chromatin modifiers and remodelers. The promoters of several genes involved in the inflammatory response, such as IL6, IL8 and IL12B, display a p38 MAPK-dependent phosphorylation of histone H3 on Ser10. Phosphorylates the ubiquitin ligase SIAH2, regulating its activity towards EGLN3. May also inhibit the lysosomal degradation pathway of autophagy by interfering with the intracellular trafficking of the transmembrane protein ATG9. Regulates the endocytosis of membrane receptors that depend on RAB5A. Regulates the clathrin-mediated internalization of EGFR induced by inflammatory cytokines and UV irradiation by phosphorylating the EGFR and RAB5A effectors. Required in mid-fetal development for the growth of embryo-derived blood vessels in the labyrinth layer of the placenta. Plays an essential role in developmental and stress-induced erythropoiesis, through regulation of EPO gene expression. Activated by cell stresses such as DNA damage, heat shock, osmotic shock, anisomycin and sodium arsenite, as well as pro-inflammatory stimuli such as LPS and IL-1. Phosphorylated by ZAP70 in an alternative activation pathway in response to TCR signaling in T-cells, a pathway is inhibited by GADD45A. Five alternatively spliced isoforms of the human protein have been reported. Isoform 3 (Mxi2) activation is stimulated by mitogens and oxidative stress and only poorly phosphorylates ELK1 and ATF2. Isoform 4 (Exip) may play a role in the early onset of apoptosis Note: This description may include information from UniProtKB.

Alternate Names

Crk; CRK1; CSAID-binding protein; Csaids binding protein; CSB; CSBP; CSBP1; Csbp1; CSBP2; Csbp2; CSPB1; cytokine suppressive anti-inflammatory drug binding protein; cytokine suppressive anti-inflammatory drug binding protein 1; Cytokine suppressive anti-inflammatory drug-binding protein; EXIP; MAP kinase 14; MAP kinase MXI2; MAP kinase p38 alpha; MAPK 14; MAPK14; Mapk14; MAX-interacting protein 2; MGC102436; mitogen activated protein kinase 14; Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14; Mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 alpha; MK14; Mxi; MXI2; Mxi2; OTTMUSP00000021706; p38; p38 alpha; p38 MAP kinase; p38 MAP kinase alpha; p38 MAPK; p38 mitogen activated protein kinase; p38-; p38-alpha; P38A; p38a; p38ALPHA; p38alpha; p38alpha Exip; p38M; p38MAPK; PRKM14; PRKM15; RK; SAPK2A; stress-activated protein kinase 2A; tRNA synthetase cofactor p38