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This poster features various cellular components of the tumor microenvironment, with particular emphasis on tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and mechanisms of immune suppression.
The predicted molecular weight of B7-H4 is 28.8 kDa, but by western blot it is usually observed at 40-80 kDa. This is due to glycosylation of the protein. It is common for a target to shift to higher molecular weights with post-translational modification (e.g., glycosylation). Please see Salceda, S. (2005) et al. Exp Cell Res. 306, 128-41 (PMID 15878339; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15878339).
These samples represent the non-reduced protein and the denatured protein reduced by DDT. Standard western blotting protocols use denaturing conditions to expose epitopes, therefore the reduced sample more accurately reflects the protein's predicted molecular weight. The non-reduced sample shows the observed molecular weight of the non-denatured, folded protein. The difference in the band size of the reduced and non-reduced samples is due to the secondary structure of the protein affecting the protein's mobility in a gel.
Interactive 3D molecular model depicting key Vesicle Trafficking nodes within their cellular landscape and integrated with PhosphoSitePlus protein pages.
Either sonication or enzymatic digestion may be used to fragment chromatin for ChIP, but first consider your sample type, protein target, and downstream analysis.
3D animated video tutorial illustrating IL-6 receptor complex formation and activation.
Custom-build antibody conjugates that match your assay requirements and deliver superior performance, and choose from a broad catalog of labels.
3D animated video of vesicle trafficking and intracellular protein transport
Humans have been creatively reusing materials for centuries. As our global waste problem grows, we must be more creative and diligent in finding solutions.
Due to the nature of the Cell Fractionation Kit #9038 and the localization of each of the proteins in the Loading Control Sampler Kit #5142, the proteins will not be equally expressed in all of the fractions. We have not found a target that shows equal expression across all the cytoplasmic and membrane fractions. The whole cell lysate (WCL) can be used as a reference to compare against each fraction. Efficiency of separation can be measured using the antibodies in the Cell Fractionation Antibody Sampler Kit #11843.
CST offers custom-synthesized blocking peptides and AQUA peptides, including challenging sequences and unusual post-translational modifications.
Find Pathways and Diagrams By Disease Area
The significance and innovation section highlights an unmet need and details why your approach is different and can change the way the problem is addresed
Yes, our Animal Free Blocking Buffer (5X) #15019, contains 0.08% sodium azide.
Detailed technical support information to support ChIP experimental success. LInk to CST's comprehensive ChIP protocol.
What if an antibody could identify a PTM, regardless of the flanking amino acid sequence? This innovative idea is the basis of CST's PTMScan product line.
A unique portfolio of antibodies and recombinant proteins toevaluate mechanisms of viral infection including inflammationand cytokine production.
Our Myc-tag products are technically capable of detecting endogenous c-Myc. However, they are formulated to only detect Myc when it is over-expressed.
Validation for IF antibodies at CST Cell Signaling Technology
Senescence has been linked to a general decline in tissue function during aging as well as a number of disease states.
Validated antibodies and kits from CST for your researchevaluating the hallmarks of neurodegeneration,neurodegenerative disorders, and neural function.
Diverse selection of antibodies to generate critical information for the development of novel immunotherapies and insights into the role of immune cells and inflammation in disease.
A comprehensive list of peer-reviewed publications from Cell Signaling Technology.
Some common considerations for using the Senescence β-Galactosidase Staining Kit #9860 are as follows:1. Please ensure that the 10X Staining Solution, as well as Supplement A and B, are fully dissolved before diluting it to 1X. The solutions can be heated to 37C for a few minutes to redissolve any precipitate.2. The pH of your final staining solution is very important. A pH of 6.0 is best, but we recommend to keep it between 5.9 and 6.1. A low pH can result in false positives and a high pH can result in false negatives. If necessary, use HCl or NaOH to lower or raise the pH, respectively.3. A dry incubator must be used for X-gal staining as tissue culture incubators have CO2 which can change the pH of the staining solution and affect staining.4. An X-gal solution, when stored at -20C in a polypropylene plastic or glass container and protected from light, is only stable for about one month.
CST’s Small Grants Program supports regional non-profit organizations that enrich our communities and protect our ecosystems. Twice a year, grant proposals are reviewed by our three employee-lead committees that focus on community grants, education in science, and environmental conservation.
Pyroptosis is a type of programmed necrotic cell death activated by infections from bacteria, viruses, fungi or protozoa in the presence of PAMPs or DAMPs
WB bands not where they're supposed to be? In addition to mAb troubleshooting, you can visualize the total protein by staining with Ponceau or Coomassie.
Autophagy helps normal cells maintain homeostasis and acts as a survival mechanism in response to stress, where ULK1 plays an important role in signaling.