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Inhibition of Apoptosis

Expert-reviewed interactive pathway providing a current overview of Inhibition of Apoptosis Signaling.

Webinar - Simplify Proteomics

Matthew Stokes, Ph.D., and Christopher Rose, Ph.D. introduce Cell Signaling Technology’s PTMScan® method and provide a demonstration of its applications.

Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular metabolism encompasses all of the chemical processes that occur within cells to maintain homeostasis and define their energetic status. These include anabolism and catabolism.

AMPK Signaling

Explore the AMPK pathway and its role in cellular energy homeostasis. Uncover the mechanisms of energy regulation. Learn more here.

Resources

We have several antibodies for detecting the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) at Ser235/236 that are validated for IHC-P with human samples. These are S6 Ribosomal Protein (5G10) Rabbit mAb #2217 and S6 Ribosomal Protein (54D2) Mouse mAb #2317. These antibodies perform similarly for IHC-P with human samples, therefore, there is no preference for this application.

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实验室期望-CST的官方博客，我们将讨论您在工作时的期望，我们将分享提示，技巧和信息，以确保您在工作时的时间达到这些期望。

Angiogenesis Resources

Overview of Angiogenesis antibodies & related reagents, interactive pathway diagrams, and other technical resources.

The Potential of Proteomics: A Clear Path to Discovery

Whether your lab is equipped to do Mass Spec analysis in-house or has never considered setting up a proteomics experiment before, the Proteomics group can help.

Resources

We provide example data for our PTMScan enrichment kits on this webpage:

https://www.cellsignal.com/applications/proteomics/ptmscan-motif-antibody-kits

To the right of each product listing are two hypertext links to the data: an Excel file of the informatic search results and the RAW files or primary mass spectrometry data. Each PTMScan enrichment is run as technical replicates producing two RAW files, the Excel file contains the combined results of these two RAW files.

The Excel file contains the processed informatics of all the identified PTM peptides. The Excel file also contains information on the location of the modified site, the NCBI accession number of the parent protein and isoforms, whether the site has been reported in the scientific literature, and detailed metrics of the quality of the identified peptide.

Two additional tabs on each Excel file contain information on the methods used for mass spectrometry, and a glossary of terms.


 

Resources

From our testing, we have seen that our Glucocorticoid Receptor (D6H2L) XP® Rabbit mAb #12041 detects both the alpha and beta isoforms of the Glucocorticoid Receptor. It is possible that #12041 may detect other less common isoforms as well, but we have not confirmed this experimentally. Additionally, each of the isoforms that can be detected most likely have post-translational modifications that affect the molecular weight.

Our Glucocorticoid Receptor (D8H2) XP® Rabbit mAb #3660 detects both the alpha and beta isoforms of the Glucocorticoid Receptor. However, based on sequence alignment (and unlike #12041) #3660 is predicted to cross-react with all known alternative translation start site generated isoforms of glucocorticoid receptor-α and glucocorticoid receptor-β (80 kDa).

Please refer to Uniprot ID: P04150 for the reference sequences of both alpha and beta isoforms of the Glucocorticoid Receptor. 

Immunology: What are toll-like receptors and how do they invoke tumor tolerance?

Understanding how TLR signaling is activated by molecular patterns is relevant not only to their role in combating infection but also in cancer.

Myth-busting for ChIP/ChIP-seq: Using Mono vs Polyclonal Antibodies

Do polyclonal have an advantage over monoclonals for chromatin immunoprecipitation? We examine the assumption and implications for ChIP and ChIP-seq.

Tissue Clearing from a Microscope Enthusiast’s Perspective

Biological imaging data has been increasing in complexity. This opens up the opportunity for a host of insights regarding spatial relationships.

Resources

Our Ras (G12D Mutant Specific) (D8H7) Rabbit mAb #14429 and Ras (G12V Mutant Specific) (D2H12) Rabbit mAb #14412 will detect all three types of Ras (H-Ras, K-Ras, and N-Ras) if the respective mutations are present.


 

RNA Regulation, Translational Control, and Protein Synthesis

Resources for the study of Translational Control, Protein Synthesis, and RNA Regulation including antibodies and associated reagents and interactive pathway diagrams.

Resources

The transcriptional activity of c-Jun is regulated by SAPK/JNK phosphorylation at Ser63 and Ser73. The signaling pathway can be found at https://www.cellsignal.com/contents/science-pathway-research-mapk-signaling/sapk-jnk-signaling-pathway/pathways-mapk-sapk. Cellular stressors, such as UV radiation, inflammatory cytokines, or ceramide, activate Rho-family GTPases and subsequent MAPKKK (Map Kinase Kinase Kinase) pathways. MAPKKKs can activate MKK4/7, which directly phosphorylate and activate SAPK/JNK. Upon translocation to the nucleus, SAPK/JNK can activate c-Jun and other transcription factors. Proteins generally undergo a phosphorylation dependent mobility shift (PDMS) in SDS-PAGE. This shift can vary from target to target, and even with different activation events on the same target. Recent experiments suggest this is due to the additional negative charge conferred by phosphorylation sites disrupting protein binding to SDS (see https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264031559_Phosphorylation-Depe…

ErbB/HER Signaling

Unravel the HER2 signaling pathway and its role in cell growth and cancer. Explore the molecular mechanisms and signaling events. Click here.

Regulation of Apoptosis

Study the intricate machinery of the apoptosis signaling pathway. Click here to learn more and gain insights into programmed cell death mechanisms.

Resources

Even without DTT, non-reducing conditions are harsh on protein structure. In-house, samples are heated to 95°C for 5 min in the presence of SDS, so the protein (including the trimerization domain) is fully denatured. This results in a loss of its ability to trimerize. It is possible a native gel would run closer to the trimeric molecular weight. We have also run SEC-HPLC on this product to confirm that we observe the expected MW of a trimeric protein when it is in solution. 

Resources

We have shown that our CUT&RUN Assay Kit #86652 works with as few as 5,000-10,000 cells for histone modifications and 10,000-20,000 cells for transcription factors and cofactors.

Cellular Metabolism

Overview of Cellular Metabolism pathways, antibodies and related reagents, interactive pathway diagrams, and other technical resources

Cytoskeletal Regulation and Vesicle Trafficking

Expert-reviewed interactive signaling pathways providing current overviews of the regulation of actin and microtubule dynamics, as well as links to products from CST.

20 Years of Research, Reagents, and Lasting Relationships

Today marks 20 years of impact in scientific research and community support. Thank you for standing with us.

Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-Like Protein Resources

Expert-reviewed interactive pathway providing a current overview of protein ubiquitination and proteasome degradation, as well as links to products from Cell Signaling Technology.

Adhesion/ECM/Cytoskeleton

Overview of Adhesion and Extracellular Matrix signaling networks, antibodies and related reagents, interactive pathway diagrams, and technical resources.

Resources

Through in-house testing, we have found that the magnetic beads from our PTMScan HS kits aggregate and stick to the walls of some specific brands of tubes. Moreover, they cannot be washed off or spun off the sides of the tubes. This is an issue with specific brands of tubes themselves and not an inherent issue with the PTMScan bead product. Therefore, the following brands of polypropylene tubes are NOT recommended with magnetic bead PTMscan HS kits: 
1. CellTreat #229441, polypropylene 1.5mL tube, non-sterile, non-pyrogenic
2. Denville Scientific (Harvard Bioscience) #C3171, 1.5mL Posi-Lock tubes, polypropylene

The following brand of microcentrifuge tubes is compatible with magnetic bead PTMscan HS kits:
1. USA scientific tubes #1615-5500
 

Resources

TET2 is post-translationally modified (https://www.phosphosite.org/proteinAction.action?id=22594&showAllSites=true). Although the theoretical molecular weight is 223.8 kDa these modifications increase the molecular weight so that it is usually observed at ~ 280 kDa. Comparison testing has been performed with  our TET2 (D6C7K) Rabbit mAb (Mouse Specific) #36449 and TET2 Antibody #45010 (approved for human, mouse, and monkey) and the bands migrate at the same molecular weight for both antibodies. The specificity of #45010 was tested with HEK parental and TET2 knock-out cell lines (see datasheet) and the observed target band was confirmed to be TET2. This validates the observed band size that we see with our TET2 antibodies, including #36449.

PI3K / Akt Signaling

Discover the PI3K Akt pathway and its crucial role in cell growth and survival. Click here to learn more & gain insights into this important signaling cascade

Protein Folding

A list of antibodies directed against chaperones and other proteins involved in Protein Folding offered by Cell Signaling Technology.

Cell Process: What role do the telomeres play in senescence?

Senescence is a cellular state during which cells remain metabolically active, but irreversibly withdraw from the cell cycle and fail to respond to proliferation-inducing stimuli.