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Hallmarks of Antibody Validation-Complementary Strategies that Employ Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Immunofluorescence (IF/ICC), Flow Cytometry, Histone Antibody, ChIP-qPCR, ChIP-seq.
Complementary strategies provide vital information regarding antibody specificity or functionality and can be tailored to the nature of the downstream assay.
Learn how RNA-binding proteins influence RNA regulation and epitranscriptomics and contribute to the progression of a variety of diseases.
Expert-reviewed diagram providing a current overview of the m6A RNA pathway with references to its role in tumor development
There is still much to learn about the hidden layer of gene regulation—the chemical modification of RNA. What is the effect of m6A, the most abundant mRNA modification observed in eukaryotes?
Cell Signaling Technology events including conference, vendor show and event listings.
Streamline your neurodegeneration therapeutic development with CST recombinant monoclonal antibodies, ELISA and cellular assay kits, custom products, and services.
Guest blogger Dr Gregory discusses research to define the epitranscriptome, including modifications that increase tRNA stability and prevent degradation.
Streamline your oncology therapeutic development with CST recombinant monoclonal antibodies, ELISA and cellular assay kits, custom products, and services.
We currently have 6 total p53 antibodies reactive to human p53. All of these antibodies except #2524 and #30313 were produced by using the full-length human p53 as the immunogen. We currently have 1 additional total p53 antibody that binds to rodent p53, p53 (D2H9O) Rabbit mAb #32532. Please see below the comments about the epitopes of specific p53 antibodies.The p53 (1C12) Mouse mAb #2524 was produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Ser20 of human p53.Our mapping experiments for the p53 (7F5) Rabbit mAb #2527 have found that the epitope lies within the first 50 amino acids of the protein.Past mapping experiments of the p53 Antibody #9282 lots 3 and 4 have found several p53 regions that showed reactivity to this antibody. The most reactive residues lie within the first 100 amino acids of human p53, however, some reactivity was seen with sequences that lie within the DNA binding domain (aa102-292, UniProt ID P04637-1). Later, addi…
Numerous p53 splice variants have been documented in the literature. They arise from alternative splicing of p53 transcripts and result in multiple isoforms. UniProt for the human sequence (UniProt P04637) lists 9 isoforms produced by alternative promoter usage and alternative splicing and there may be more, depending on the model. Some of these splice variants are associated with polymorphisms or mutations of the p53 genes. Isoform 1 (43.6 kDa) is predominant. However isoform 2 (37.8 kDa) and isoform 3 (38.5 kDa) are also well documented. The combination of p53 cleavage and alternative splicing allows for a diverse size-range of p53 proteins, however, the study of p53 degradation has focused largely on the canonical full-length isoform 1. Also note that the proline-rich region of p53 slows the migration of p53 in SDS-PAGE gels, increasing the apparent molecular weight of the p53 isoforms that express it. [see M.P. Khoury and J.C. Bourdon. (2010) Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2(3):a000927, Review (PMID: …
The immune system is composed of tissues, cells, and molecules whose primary function is to detect, respond to, and eliminate pathogens and transformed cells.
The Calpain 2 Large Subunit (M-type) Antibody #2539 detects both active and inactive Calpain 2, which migrate at the same size (79-80 kDa). When Calpain 2 is autoproteolytically cleaved at Ser20, it can result in a 78 kDa band. Cleavage of Calpain 2 at serine 20 does not cause it to be activated; Calpain is only activated when it is bound to calcium.
Immunophenotyping is a technique that uses antibodies to allow the identification and quantification of particular cell types within a heterogenous population.
Pre-Clinical IHC Tools for Mouse Models
ChIP-seq is a powerful technique that combines ChIP and next-generation sequencing (NGS) to study DNA-protein interactions across the entire genome, but it is only as good as the quality of the antibody used in the ChIP experiment.
A demonstration of the perils of deviating from Cell Signaling Technology's recommended protocols.
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Workflow Solutions for ChIP-qPCR and ChIP-seq
CUT&Tag Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
The two dominant bands detected by our TCF4/TCF7L2 antibodies (#2565, #2569, and #2953) represent different splice variants of TCF4/TCF7L2 [see Weise, A. (2010) Nucleic Acids Res 38, 1964-81 (PMID: 20044351; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20044351/)].
With the appropriate salt concentration in the tagmention buffer, we don't observe bias toward euchromatin or heterochromatin in our assays. In CUT&Tag, the target-specific antibody and the secondary antibody recruit the pAG-Tn5 and direct the tagmentation to the chromatin directly adjacent to the target-specific antibody, whether in euchromatin or heterochromatin. The active tethering of pAG-Tn5 to the chromatin allows for tagmentation to occur even in less accessible heterochromatin regions. If CST scientists observe non-specific tagmentation at open chromatin regions when they are validating an antibody for CUT&Tag, then the antibody is not approved for use in the CUT&Tag assay.Our CUT&Tag Assay Kit #77552 has been shown to work well with antibodies against active, accessible euchromatic histone modifications (see Tri-Methyl-Histone H3 (Lys4) (C42D8) Rabbit mAb #9751) and activating transcription factors (see TCF4/TCF7L2 (C48H11) Rabbit mAb #2569), as well as repressive, …
Interact with this signaling pathway showing immune checkpoint regulation in the tumor microenvironment, including targets such as PD-L1, GITR, TIM-3, CTLA-4, OX40, and more.
Maximize your research with our CUT&RUN Kit. Streamline chromatin profiling with our efficient, user-friendly tools designed for deeper, more insightful analyses.
CUT&RUN Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
SimpleChIP Kits and Antibodies validated in-house by our antibody development scientists correlated to positive and negative control primers.
It remains difficult for scientists to predict the long-term health effects of COVID-19, particularly considering its diversity of effects during acute infection. The most severe impacts appear to manifest in tissues with high levels of vascularization (e.g., lungs, heart, kidney, liver), and it is evident that the virus elicits a significant inflammatory response in infected tissues
CST offers a growing portfolio of products for the study of immune checkpoint targets in cancer, including several receptor-ligand pairs.
How do you design a panel of antibodies and fluorophores for mIHC? Learn how to set up a protocol that avoids epitope masking by optimizing antibody order.
