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The key to identifying neurons, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes lies in using antibodies that target protein biomarkers specifically expressed and localized within these cells.
There are a number of markers that can be used to distinguish the many cell types of the central and peripheral nervous system during development, adult neurogenesis, and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders.
Neuroinflammation is the activation of an immune response in the CNS by the microglia and astrocytes. While not linked mechanistically to neurodegenerative diseases, neuroinflammation is associated with the progression of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s
The ESC and Lineage Markers diagram provides an overview of ESC differentiation along lineage-specific pathways and links to products from CST.
Chronic neuroinflammation is associated with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and others.
Expert-reviewed interactive diagrams providing current overviews of neuronal and glial cell markers, as well as links to products from CST.
This guide includes some of the most common markers used to detect neuronal and glial cells, which include oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia.
Overview of MAP Kinase signaling pathways, antibodies and related reagents, interactive pathway diagrams, and other technical resources.
Non-neuronal cells like microglia and astrocytes play critical roles in maintaining proper neuronal function, development, and disease.
As a new antibody is developed, Cell Signaling Technology scientists test the antibody’s stability and activity
How can I determine the different ways a protein can affect gene expression? ChIP, CUT&RUN, & Nex-gen Sequencing. Learn how to research gene expression.
Numerous p53 splice variants have been documented in the literature. They arise from alternative splicing of p53 transcripts and result in multiple isoforms. UniProt for the human sequence (UniProt P04637) lists 9 isoforms produced by alternative promoter usage and alternative splicing and there may be more, depending on the model. Some of these splice variants are associated with polymorphisms or mutations of the p53 genes. Isoform 1 (43.6 kDa) is predominant. However isoform 2 (37.8 kDa) and isoform 3 (38.5 kDa) are also well documented. The combination of p53 cleavage and alternative splicing allows for a diverse size-range of p53 proteins, however, the study of p53 degradation has focused largely on the canonical full-length isoform 1. Also note that the proline-rich region of p53 slows the migration of p53 in SDS-PAGE gels, increasing the apparent molecular weight of the p53 isoforms that express it. [see M.P. Khoury and J.C. Bourdon. (2010) Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2(3):a000927, Review (PMID: …
Compare Cell Signaling Technology's Erk antibodies against one another to determine optimal applications
Use SimpleChIP kits to perform high throughput ChIP-Sequencing and assay genome wide changes in histone modifications and transcription factor binding.
Phospho-Erk product lists, product citation lists, product selection tools, comparison tables and educational resources for MAPK signaling from Cell Signaling Technology.
Alphabetical listing of protein, pathway, and antibody acronyms, curated by Cell Signaling Technology.
Explore the ERK pathway and its role in cell proliferation and survival. Click here to read more about this critical signaling pathway.
A scientific resource for the SAM protein domain containing information on structure, function, and domain binding.
Expert-reviewed interactive pathway providing a current overview of Regulation of Microtubule Dynamics.
The activity of genes and their regulatory elements is, in part, governed by their cell type-specific chromatin organization.
PhosphoScan® Phosphorylation Proteomics
TMT10plex Proteome Analysis in Cell Lines
Expert-reviewed interactive pathway providing a current overview of TLR signaling.
Case Study 4: Exceptional Performance of XP Monoclonal Antibodies from Cell Signaling Technology.
Learn more about commonly used chemical modulators to study cellular physiology and biology.
A list of antibodies directed against chaperones and other proteins involved in Protein Folding offered by Cell Signaling Technology.
Chromatin immunoprecipitation, or ChIP, is a technique that uses antibodies to isolate specific DNA-binding proteins along with the bound DNA fragments from cells and tissues.
Our Cas9 (7A9-3A3) Mouse mAb #14697 was produced with a recombinant protein specific to the amino terminus of Cas9 from Streptococcus pyogenes (UniProt ID #Q99ZW2; https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q99ZW2). The precise epitope has not been mapped. However, this antibody has been shown to detect nuclease-deficient Cas9 (dCas9) protein and Cas9 nickase (niCas9) protein (please see the western blot image on the product datasheet; https://media.cellsignal.com/pdf/14697.pdf). dCas9 is a D10A/H840A mutant and niCas9 is a D10A mutant.
Phosphorylation of serines 465 and 467 indicates Smad2 activation and nuclear localization; whereas, phosphorylation of serines 245, 250, and 255 is inhibitory and leads to retention of Smad2 in the cytoplasm.Phospho-Smad2 (Ser465/467) (138D4) Rabbit mAb #3108, Phospho-Smad2 (Ser465/467)/Smad3 (Ser423/425) (D27F4) Rabbit mAb #8828, and Phospho-SMAD2 (Ser465/Ser467) (E8F3R) Rabbit mAb #18338 recognize phosphosites at the carboxy-terminus of Smad2 that are phosphorylated in response to TGF-beta treatment. Phospho-Smad2 (Ser245/250/255) Antibody #3104 instead recognizes a cluster of phosphosites in the Smad2 linker region that are phosphorylated by MAP kinase.
Study the IL-6 pathway and its impact on inflammation and immune regulation. Delve into the intricacies of this signaling cascade. Click here.
